ラジオ frequency based deep スペース communication faces constraints due to low bandwidth and increasing need of high data transmission rates. Laser or optical based system has potential to break the communication constraints. 米航空宇宙局（NASA） has tested laser communications against extreme distances and demonstrated high-bandwidth communications in deep スペース when it beamed to Earth an ultra-high-definition video via laser from a distance of 32 million km, from Psyche spacecraft which is currently travelling through deep スペース to metal-rich asteroid Psyche located in the asteroid belt between 火星 and Jupiter. This was first demonstration of optical communications beyond the Moon. Deep スペース Network (DSN) antenna received both ラジオ frequency and near-infrared laser signals.
深い スペース communication is mostly conducted using radio frequencies. However, radio frequency-based system cannot meet current and future communication needs of スペース sector in view of limited bandwidth and ever-increasing demand of high data transmission rates.
On the other hand, laser or optical based communication offer many advantages in terms of large bandwidths, high data rate links and low SWaP (size, weight and power) terminals. It has the potential to enhance data rates 10 to 100 times the capacity of most sophisticated radio systems currently in use thus can break the communication constraints. Hence, the imperative to advance optical communications for high-capacity deep スペース communications capable of meeting future interplanetary data transmission needs.
深い スペース Optical Communications (DSOC) experiment is a technology demonstration payload onboard Psyche spacecraft which is currently travelling through deep スペース to metal-rich 小惑星 プシュケは小惑星帯に位置し、 火星 and Jupiter. In December 2023, it demonstrated high-bandwidth communications in deep スペース when it beamed to Earth an ultra-high-definition video via laser from 32 million km in deep space. This was first demonstration of optical communications beyond the Moon.
ディープ スペース Network (DSN) is network of facilities located in different parts of the world to communicate with faraway spacecrafts exploring solar system. An experimental antenna of this network received both radio and laser signals beamed from Psyche spacecraft in deep space. This suggests that DSN antennas which currently communicate with spacecrafts via radio signals could be retrofitted for laser communications.
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参照：
- Karmous S. 他 2022. 光通信は深宇宙通信の未来をどのように形作ることができるか?調査。 arXiv のプレプリント。土井： https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.04933
- ロビンソンBS、2023年。 宇宙探査と科学のための光通信。光ファイバー通信カンファレンス 2023。
- NASA の技術デモが深宇宙からレーザー経由で初のビデオをストリーミング。 18 年 2023 月 XNUMX 日に投稿。 https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/tech-demo-missions-program/deep-space-optical-communications-dsoc/nasas-tech-demo-streams-first-video-from-deep-space-via-laser/
- NASA。ニュース – NASA の新しい実験アンテナが深宇宙レーザーを追跡します。投稿日: 08 年 2024 月 XNUMX 日。 https://www.nasa.gov/technology/space-comms/deep-space-network/nasas-new-experimental-antenna-tracks-deep-space-laser/
- ミッション・プシュケ。 https://science.nasa.gov/mission/psyche/
- NASA のディープ スペース ネットワーク (DSN) https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/dsn
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